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Government Activities
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention
Division of HIV/AIDS Surveillance and Epidemiology
Epidemiology Branch
Maternal/Child Transmission, Pediatric and Adolescent Studies
Section
The Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention – Surveillance and Epidemiology (DHAP-SE)
conducts surveillance and epidemiologic and behavioral research to monitor
trends and risk behaviors and provide a basis for targeting prevention
resources. In addition to work within the United States, DHAP is active in
surveillance, research, prevention, evaluation, and technology transfer
activities in developing countries.
Current breastfeeding-related activities:
- Makes recommendations on discouraging breastfeeding in the context
of HIV Counseling and Testing pregnant or postpartum HIV-infected
women.
Reference: Public Health Service Task Force Recommendations for the
Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant Women Infected with HIV-1 for
Maternal Health and for Reducing Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission in the
United States MMWR 1998; 47 (No. RR-2). http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00053202.htm
NOTE: The MMWR Recommendations and Reports contain in-depth articles
that relay policy statements for prevention and treatment on all areas
in CDC's scope of responsibility. Link to http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk.html
( follow the links or choose a year).
- Makes recommendations on glove use by hospital workers in contact
with breast milk. It states that although occupational exposure to
human breast milk has not been implicated in the transmission of HIV
nor HBV infection to health-care workers, gloves may be worn by
health-care workers where exposures to breastmilk might be frequent,
for example, in breast milk banking.
Reference: Update: Universal Precautions for Prevention of
Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and
other Bloodborne Pathogens in Health-Care Settings MMWR, 1988, Vol.
37, No. 24. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000039.htm.
- Includes donor breast milk in its guidelines for preventing
transmission of HIV through transplantation of human tissue and
organs. It states that donor human milk should be pasteurized in order
to inactivate HIV and that the guidance provided in the document may
serve as a general guide to facilities that bank breast milk.
Reference: Guidelines for Preventing Transmission of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Through Transplantation of Human Tissue and
Organs MMWR 1994;43(No. RR-8). http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031670.htm.
- Discourages HIV-infected women from breastfeeding in the context of
Perinatal HIV Elimination programmatic efforts in 16 states in the
U.S.
- Has assisted the Hospital Infections Program at CDC to develop
guidelines for day care workers who are faced with the situation where
bottles of expressed breastmilk have been fed to the wrong child. In
most such cases, this is considered a low risk exposure. It also
recommends that bottled breast milk brought to day care centers should
be properly labeled.
- Has developed suggestions for postexposure HIV prophylaxis in the
context of feeding breastmilk to the wrong child.
Reference: Handbook of Pediatric Care: Post Exposure Prophylaxis
(chapter). The CDC contact person: Dr. Kenneth L. Dominguez, (404)
639-6129.
- Is embarking on a study of the biological factors in breastmilk
related to HIV-transmission in the context of antiretroviral use and
of the breast feeding practices among HIV-infected women in Kampala,
Uganda. The CDC contact person is Dr. Monica Nolan, (404) 639-6157.
Contact Information
Address inquiries to:
Technical Information & Communications
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention
NCHSTP/CDC
Mail Stop E-49
1600 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, GA 30333
Telephone: (404) 639-2071
E-mail: http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/Mailform.htm
or nchstp@cdc.gov
Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/nchstp.html
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